简介：目 录第 1 章 Linux 日常运维管理 ............................................................................................................... 11.1 w 命令 ............................................ ...

目 录第 1 章 Linux 日常运维管理 ............................................................................................................... 11.1 w 命令 ........................................................................................................................................ 11.2 vmstat 命令 ............................................................................................................................... 21.3 top 命令 ...................................................................................................................................... 31.4 sar 命令 ...................................................................................................................................... 71.5 nload 命令 ................................................................................................................................. 91.6 监控 I/O 性能 ........................................................................................................................... 91.7 free 命令 .................................................................................................................................. 111.8 ps 命令 ...................................................................................................................................... 121.9 查看网络状态 ........................................................................................................................ 151.10 Linux 操作系统下的网络抓包 ....................................................................................... 161.11 Firewalld 和 Netfilter .......................................................................................................... 171.12 Netfilter 5 表 5 链简介 ...................................................................................................... 181.13 iptables 语法 ......................................................................................................................... 191.14 iptables nat 表应用 .............................................................................................................. 211.15 iptables 规则备份与恢复 .................................................................................................. 261.16 Firewalld 的 9 个 zone ....................................................................................................... 271.17 Firewalld 关于 zone 的操作 ............................................................................................. 281.18 Firewalld 关于 services 的操作 ....................................................................................... 291.19 Linux 任务计划 ................................................................................................................... 311.20 Linux 系统服务管理工具 chkconfig ............................................................................. 331.21 systemd 管理服务 ............................................................................................................... 341.22 unit 和 target 简介 ............................................................................................................... 351.22.1 unit 简介 ....................................................................................................................... 351.22.2 target 简介 .................................................................................................................... 361.23 Linux 系统日志 ................................................................................................................... 371.23.1 dmesg 命令 ................................................................................................................... 381.23.2 last 命令 ........................................................................................................................ 381.23.3 lastb 命令 ...................................................................................................................... 38第 2 章 LAMP 服务架构 ..................................................................................................................... 392.1 LAMP 服务架构介绍 .......................................................................................................... 392.2 MySQL 和 MariaDB 数据库简介 .................................................................................... 392.3 MySQL 和 MariaDB 数据库安装 .................................................................................... 402.3.1 MySQL 数据库安装 ...................................................................................................... 402.3.2 MariaDB 数据库安装 ..................................................................................................... 412.4 Apache 服务安装 .................................................................................................................. 432.5 PHP 源码编译安装 ............................................................................................................... 462.5.1 PHP 版本介绍 ................................................................................................................ 462.5.2 PHP 5.6 源码编译安装 .................................................................................................. 462.5.3 PHP 7.X 源码编译安装 .................................................................................................. 482.6 Python 源码编译安装 .......................................................................................................... 492.6.1 Python 3.6 编译安装 ...................................................................................................... 492.6.2 安装 Python 扩展 MySQL 数据库 ................................................................................ 502.7 Apache 结合 PHP 进行操作 .............................................................................................. 522.8 Apache 默认虚拟主机 ......................................................................................................... 542.9 Apache 相关配置 .................................................................................................................. 562.9.1 Apache 用户认证 ........................................................................................................... 562.9.2 域名跳转机制 ................................................................................................................ 592.9.3 Apache 访问日志 ........................................................................................................... 602.9.4 静态文件不记录日期和时间 ......................................................................................... 612.9.5 访问日志切割 ................................................................................................................ 622.9.6 静态元素过期时间 ......................................................................................................... 632.9.7 配置防盗链 .................................................................................................................... 642.9.8 访问控制 Directory ........................................................................................................ 642.9.9 访问控制 FilesMatch ...................................................................................................... 662.9.10 限定某个目录禁止解析 PHP ...................................................................................... 662.9.11 限制 user_agent ............................................................................................................ 662.10 PHP 相关配置 ...................................................................................................................... 672.11 安装 PHP 扩展模块 Redis ................................................................................................ 68第 3 章 LNMP 服务架构 ..................................................................................................................... 703.1 LNMP 服务架构简介 .......................................................................................................... 703.2 安装 MySQL 数据库 ............................................................................................................ 703.3 安装 PHP ................................................................................................................................. 723.4 Nginx 简介与安装 ................................................................................................................ 743.4.1 Nginx 简介 ..................................................................................................................... 743.4.2 Nginx 安装 ..................................................................................................................... 743.4.3 Nginx 测试解析 PHP ..................................................................................................... 753.5 Nginx 相关配置 ..................................................................................................................... 763.5.1 Nginx 默认虚拟主机 ...................................................................................................... 763.5.2 Nginx 用户认证 .............................................................................................................. 783.5.3 Nginx 域名跳转 .............................................................................................................. 803.5.4 Nginx 访问日志 .............................................................................................................. 803.5.5 Nginx 日志切割 .............................................................................................................. 813.5.6 静态文件不记录日期和时间 ......................................................................................... 833.5.7 Nginx 设置防盗链 .......................................................................................................... 833.5.8 Nginx 进行访问控制 ...................................................................................................... 843.5.9 Nginx 解析 PHP 相关设置 ............................................................................................ 843.6 Nginx 代理 .............................................................................................................................. 853.7 Nginx 负载均衡 ..................................................................................................................... 863.8 Nginx 配置 SSL ..................................................................................................................... 883.8.1 生成 SSL 秘钥对 ............................................................................................................ 883.8.2 Nginx 配置 SSL .............................................................................................................. 893.9 php-fpm 配置 .......................................................................................................................... 903.9.1 php-fpm 的 pool .............................................................................................................. 903.9.2 php-fpm 慢执行日志 ...................................................................................................... 923.9.3 open_basedir ................................................................................................................... 933.9.4 php-fpm 管理进程 .......................................................................................................... 943.10 部署 phpMyAdmin ............................................................................................................. 943.11 安装&设置 Laravel 框架 .................................................................................................. 953.12 安装&设置 Yii2 框架 ........................................................................................................ 983.13 安装&设置 ThinkPHP 5 框架 ....................................................................................... 1003.14 安装&设置 Django 框架 ................................................................................................. 1023.14.1 安装 Django 框架 ....................................................................................................... 1023.14.2 Django runserver ......................................................................................................... 1023.14.3 运行 Hello World ........................................................................................................ 1053.15 安装&设置 Flask 框架 .................................................................................................... 108第 4 章 MySQL 数据库技术实践 .................................................................................................. 1104.1 设置和更改 root 密码 ........................................................................................................ 1104.1.1 设置 MySQL 数据库环境变量 .................................................................................... 1104.1.2 设置 MySQL 数据库密码 ............................................................................................ 1104.1.3 修改 MySQL 数据库密码 ............................................................................................ 1114.1.4 重置 MySQL 数据库密码 ............................................................................................ 1114.2 连接 MySQL 的几种方式 ................................................................................................ 1134.3 MySQL 常用命令 ............................................................................................................... 1144.4 MySQL 创建用户及授权 .................................................................................................. 1174.5 MySQL 数据备份与恢复 .................................................................................................. 1184.6 MySQL 主从复制监控 ...................................................................................................... 1194.7 MySQL 主从准备工作 ...................................................................................................... 1194.8 设置 MySQL 主 ................................................................................................................... 1194.9 设置 MySQL 从 ................................................................................................................... 1214.10 测试 MySQL 主从同步 ................................................................................................... 122第 5 章 Tomcat 服务 .......................................................................................................................... 1245.1 Tomcat 介绍 .......................................................................................................................... 1245.2 安装 JDK ............................................................................................................................... 1245.3 安装 Tomcat .......................................................................................................................... 1255.4 设置 Tomcat 监听 80 端口 ............................................................................................... 1275.5 Tomcat 虚拟主机 ................................................................................................................. 1275.5.1 设置 Tomcat 虚拟主机 ................................................................................................. 1275.5.2 部署一个 Java 项目 ..................................................................................................... 1285.6 Tomcat 日志 .......................................................................................................................... 130第 6 章 Linux 集群架构 ..................................................................................................................... 1316.1 Linux 集群概述 ................................................................................................................... 1316.2 Keepalived 简介 ................................................................................................................... 1316.3 Keepalived 设置高可用集群 ............................................................................................ 1326.3.1 集群准备工作 .............................................................................................................. 1326.3.2 设置 Keepalived 主服务器 ........................................................................................... 1326.3.3 设置 Keepalived 从服务器 ........................................................................................... 1346.3.4 区分主从 Nginx 服务 ................................................................................................... 1366.3.5 测试 Keepalived 高可用 .............................................................................................. 1376.4 负载均衡集群介绍 ............................................................................................................. 1386.5 LVS 介绍 ............................................................................................................................... 1396.6 LVS 的调度算法 .................................................................................................................. 1396.7 NAT 模式的 LVS 搭建 ...................................................................................................... 1406.7.1 NAT 模式搭建准备工作 .............................................................................................. 1406.7.2 设置分发器 .................................................................................................................. 1416.7.3 Real Server 安装 Nginx 服务 ....................................................................................... 1426.8 DR 模式的 LVS 搭建 ......................................................................................................... 1436.8.1 DR 模式的准备工作 .................................................................................................... 1436.8.2 设置 LVS 的 DR 模式 .................................................................................................. 1436.8.3 测试 LVS 的 DR 模式 .................................................................................................. 1456.9 Keepalived+LVS .................................................................................................................. 145第 7 章 Zabbix 运维监控 .................................................................................................................. 1497.1 Linux 监控平台简介 .......................................................................................................... 1497.2 Zabbix 监控介绍 ................................................................................................................. 1497.3 安装 Zabbix 监控 ................................................................................................................ 1507.3.1 安装准备工作 .............................................................................................................. 1507.3.2 ntpdate 设置时间同步 .................................................................................................. 1517.3.3 安装 Zabbix 服务器端 ................................................................................................. 1517.3.4 Web 界面安装 Zabbix .................................................................................................. 1537.3.5 修改 Admin 管理员密码 .............................................................................................. 1557.3.6 重置 Admin 管理员密码 .............................................................................................. 1557.3.7 安装 Zabbix 客户端 ..................................................................................................... 1557.4 添加监控主机 ...................................................................................................................... 1567.4.1 Web 界面添加 Host 主机 ............................................................................................. 1567.4.2 解决 Zabbix 页面乱码 ................................................................................................. 1587.5 使用 SMTP 发送邮件报警及定制报警 ........................................................................ 1597.5.1 添加 Triggers 触发器 ................................................................................................... 1597.5.2 设置报警邮件发送 ....................................................................................................... 1607.5.3 设置报警邮件接收 ....................................................................................................... 1617.5.4 添加报警动作 .............................................................................................................. 1637.5.5 设置邮件报警铃声 ....................................................................................................... 1637.5.6 设置微信报警 .............................................................................................................. 1647.6 Web 监控和 MySQL 监控 ................................................................................................ 1707.6.1 Web 监控 ...................................................................................................................... 1707.6.2 MySQL 监控 ................................................................................................................ 1727.7 TCP 状态监控和 Nginx 监控 .......................................................................................... 1777.7.1 TCP 状态监控 .............................................................................................................. 1777.7.2 Nginx 服务监控 ............................................................................................................ 1787.8 Zabbix 主动模式 ................................................................................................................. 1797.8.1 添加主动模式模板 ....................................................................................................... 1797.8.2 添加主动模式主机 ....................................................................................................... 181第 8 章 NoSQL 非关系型数据库 ................................................................................................... 1828.1 NoSQL 非关系型数据库简介 ......................................................................................... 1828.2 Memcached ........................................................................................................................... 1838.2.1 Memcached 简介 .......................................................................................................... 1838.2.2 安装 Memcached .......................................................................................................... 1848.2.3 查看 Memcached 状态 ................................................................................................. 1858.2.4 Memcache 命令行 ........................................................................................................ 1868.2.5 Memcached 数据的导入和导出 .................................................................................. 1888.2.6 PHP 连接 Memcached .................................................................................................. 1898.2.7 Memcached 中存储 Session ......................................................................................... 1908.3 Redis ........................................................................................................................................ 1918.3.1 Redis 简介 .................................................................................................................... 1918.3.2 Redis 安装 .................................................................................................................... 1918.3.3 Redis 持久化 ................................................................................................................ 1928.3.4 Redis 数据类型 ............................................................................................................ 1938.3.5 Redis 常用操作 ............................................................................................................ 1978.3.6 Redis 操作键值 ............................................................................................................ 2038.3.7 Redis 安全设置 ............................................................................................................ 2068.3.8 Redis 慢查询日志 ........................................................................................................ 2078.3.9 PHP 安装 Redis 扩展模块 ........................................................................................... 2088.3.10 Redis 存储 session ...................................................................................................... 2088.3.11 Redis 主从配置 ........................................................................................................... 2098.3.12 Redis 集群简介 .......................................................................................................... 2108.3.13 Redis 集群搭建与配置 ............................................................................................... 2118.3.14 Redis 集群操作 .......................................................................................................... 2138.4 MongoDB .............................................................................................................................. 2148.4.1 MongoDB 简介 ............................................................................................................ 2148.4.2 安装 MongoDB ............................................................................................................ 2158.4.3 连接 MongoDB ............................................................................................................ 2168.4.4 MongoDB 用户管理 .................................................................................................... 2168.4.5 MongoDB 创建集合和数据管理 ................................................................................. 2198.4.6 PHP 的 MongoDB 扩展 ............................................................................................... 2218.4.7 PHP 的 Mongo 扩展 ..................................................................................................... 2228.4.8 测试 Mongo 扩展 ......................................................................................................... 2228.4.9 MongoDB 副本集简介 ................................................................................................. 2238.4.10 MongoDB 副本集搭建 ............................................................................................... 2238.4.11 MongoDB 副本集测试 ............................................................................................... 2248.4.12 MongoDB 分片介绍 ................................................................................................... 2268.4.13 MongoDB 分片重要角色 ........................................................................................... 2278.4.14 MongoDB 分片搭建 ................................................................................................... 2288.4.15 MongoDB 分片测试 ................................................................................................... 2328.4.16 MongoDB 备份与恢复 ............................................................................................... 233第 9 章 Jenkins 持续化集成 ........................................................................................................... 2369.1 Jenkins 介绍 .......................................................................................................................... 2369.2 Jenkins 安装 .......................................................................................................................... 2379.3 Jenkins 发布 PHP 代码 ...................................................................................................... 2399.4 Jenkins 邮件设置 ................................................................................................................. 2439.5 插件 Email-ext ..................................................................................................................... 2449.6 管理员密码破解 .................................................................................................................. 2459.7 部署 Java 项目 ..................................................................................................................... 2469.7.1 部署 Java 项目之创建私有仓库 .................................................................................. 2469.7.2 部署 Java 项目之下载 Zrlog 源码 ............................................................................... 2479.7.3 安装 Tomcat ................................................................................................................. 2489.7.4 部署 Java 项目之安装 Maven ...................................................................................... 2499.7.5 部署 Java 项目之安装插件 .......................................................................................... 2509.7.6 部署 Java 项目之构建 Job ........................................................................................... 2509.7.7 部署 Java 项目之手动安装 JDK ................................................................................. 2539.7.8 部署 Java 项目之发布 War 包 ..................................................................................... 253第 10 章 Docker 容器实践 ............................................................................................................... 25510.1 Docker 简介 ........................................................................................................................ 25510.1.1 Docker 主要解决什么问题 ........................................................................................ 25510.1.2 Docker 的历史 ............................................................................................................ 25510.1.3 Docker 是什么 ............................................................................................................ 25610.2 Docker 和 KVM 对比 ...................................................................................................... 25710.3 Docker 核心概念 ............................................................................................................... 25710.4 安装 Docker ........................................................................................................................ 25710.4.1 Mac 系统安装 Docker ................................................................................................ 25810.4.2 Windows 系统安装 Docker ........................................................................................ 26010.4.3 CentOS 7 系统安装 Docker ....................................................................................... 26110.5 Docker 镜像管理 ............................................................................................................... 26210.5.1 下载 Docker 镜像 ....................................................................................................... 26210.5.2 设置阿里云 Docker 加速器 ....................................................................................... 26210.5.3 Docker 基本命令 ........................................................................................................ 26310.6 通过容器创建镜像 ........................................................................................................... 26510.7 通过模板创建镜像 ........................................................................................................... 26710.7.1 通过模板导入镜像 ..................................................................................................... 26710.7.2 通过镜像导出文件 ..................................................................................................... 26710.7.3 通过文件恢复镜像 ..................................................................................................... 26710.8 Docker 的基本管理 .......................................................................................................... 26810.8.1 Docker 容器管理 ........................................................................................................ 26810.8.2 Docker 仓库管理 ........................................................................................................ 27010.8.3 Docker 数据管理 ........................................................................................................ 27210.9 Docker 数据卷备份与恢复 ............................................................................................ 27310.9.1 Docker 数据卷备份 .................................................................................................... 27310.9.2 Docker 数据卷恢复 .................................................................................................... 27410.10 Docker 网络模式与外部访问容器 ............................................................................ 27410.10.1 Docker 网络模式 ...................................................................................................... 27410.10.2 外部访问容器 ........................................................................................................... 27510.10.3 Operation Not Permitted 解决方案 .......................................................................... 27510.11 设置桥接网络 .................................................................................................................. 27610.12 DockerFile 创建镜像 ..................................................................................................... 27810.12.1 DockerFile 格式 ........................................................................................................ 27810.12.2 DockerFile 示例安装 Nginx ..................................................................................... 28010.13 docker compose 部署服务与示例 .............................................................................. 281第 11 章 搭建 Kubernetes 集群 ..................................................................................................... 28411.1 Kubernetes（K8S）简介 ................................................................................................ 28411.2 Kubernetes 基本概念 ....................................................................................................... 28611.3 Kubernetes 架构和组件功能 ......................................................................................... 28711.3.1 Master 组件功能介绍 ................................................................................................. 28711.3.2 Node 组件功能介绍 ................................................................................................... 28711.3.3 三方组件 Etcd 介绍 ................................................................................................... 28811.4 Kubernetes Cluster 部署 .................................................................................................. 28811.4.1 集群环境规划 ............................................................................................................. 28811.4.2 安装 Docker 服务 ....................................................................................................... 28911.4.3 自签 TLS 证书 ............................................................................................................ 28911.4.4 部署 Etcd 集群 ........................................................................................................... 29111.4.5 Flannel 集群网络工作原理 ........................................................................................ 29511.4.6 部署 Flannel 集群网络 ............................................................................................... 29611.4.7 创建 Node 的 Kubeconfig 文件 ................................................................................. 30011.4.8 部署 Master 节点组件 ................................................................................................ 30211.4.9 部署 Node 组件 .......................................................................................................... 30411.4.10 集群部署 Nginx 服务 ............................................................................................... 30611.5 Kubectl 管理工具 .............................................................................................................. 30911.5.1 Kubectl 管理工具远程连接集群 ............................................................................... 30911.5.2 Kubectl 管理命令 ....................................................................................................... 31111.5.3 Kubectl 工具管理集群应用 ....................................................................................... 312第 12 章 Kubernetes 管理维护与运用 ........................................................................................ 32012.1 YAML 配置文件管理资源 ............................................................................................. 32012.2 Pod 管理 .............................................................................................................................. 32212.2.1 Pod 基本管理 ............................................................................................................. 32212.2.2 Pod 资源限制 ............................................................................................................. 32512.2.3 Pod 调度约束 ............................................................................................................. 32712.2.4 Pod 重启策略 ............................................................................................................. 32912.2.5 Pod 健康检查 ............................................................................................................. 32912.2.6 Pod 问题定位 ............................................................................................................. 33212.3 Service .................................................................................................................................. 33212.3.1 网络代理模式 ............................................................................................................ 33212.3.2 服务代理 .................................................................................................................... 33412.3.3 服务发现 .................................................................................................................... 33712.3.4 发布服务 .................................................................................................................... 34112.4 Ingress .................................................................................................................................. 34312.4.1 部署 Ingress ................................................................................................................ 34412.4.2 HTTP 与 HTTPS 测试 ............................................................................................... 34512.4.3 部署 Ingress TLS ........................................................................................................ 34812.5 数据管理 ............................................................................................................................. 35112.5.1 emptyDir ..................................................................................................................... 35112.5.2 hostPath ....................................................................................................................... 35312.5.3 NFS ............................................................................................................................. 35512.5.4 GlusterFS .................................................................................................................... 35712.5.5 PersistentVolume ......................................................................................................... 363第 13 章 Kubernetes 高可用架构和项目案例 .......................................................................... 37113.1 Kubernetes Dashboard ...................................................................................................... 37113.2 部署集群应用 .................................................................................................................... 37313.3 Kubernetes 高可用架构 ................................................................................................... 38113.3.1 高可用架构详解 ......................................................................................................... 38113.3.2 Master 高可用部署 .................................................................................................... 38313.4 Kubernetes 集群监控 ....................................................................................................... 38813.5 Kubernetes 集群日志管理与应用 ................................................................................ 39513.5.1 日志系统方案介绍 ..................................................................................................... 39513.5.2 部署 ELK Stack .......................................................................................................... 39713.5.3 部署 Filebeat 日志收集工具 ...................................................................................... 401 本文仅代表作者个人观点，不代表巅云官方发声，对观点有疑义请先联系作者本人进行修改，若内容非法请联系平台管理员，邮箱2522407257@qq.com。更多相关资讯，请到巅云www.yx10011.com学习互联网营销技术请到巅云建站www.yx10011.com。